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1		-[REAKT] Project REAKTOR
	1	+[REAKT] WIP Project REAKTOR

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1		-Theses.Topics for Student Theses.WebHome
	1	+Theses.Current Theses.WebHome

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1		-The REAKT project (https://reakt.sh/ & https://www.schiene-m-l.de/) aims at developing new mobility concepts to reactivate rural rail lines. This project will evolve around developing an autonomous rail vehicle, the **REAKTOR**, to flexibly provide on-demand service on single track lines. A prototype will be build in 1:32 scale for 45 mm gauge, as well as a full scale version for the railway track Malente-Lütjenburg.
	1	+The REAKT project (https://reakt.sh/ & https://www.schiene-m-l.de/) aims at developing new mobility concepts to reactivate rural rail lines. This project will evolve around developing an autonomous on-demand rail vehicle to flexibly provide service on single track lines. A prototype will be build in 1:32 scale as well as a full scale version.
2	2
3	3	[[image:image-20240912102452-3.jpeg||height="219" width="292"]][[image:image-20240912102840-4.jpeg||height="217" width="264"]]
4	4
5		-//(left) a railbike, the foundation of the upcoming autonomous draisine & (right) a stripped down [[LGB>>https://www.lgb.de/lp/20/willkommen-bei-lgb]] engine for a 45mm model track.//
6		-
7	7	== Overview of topics (WIP) ==
8	8
9		-**The solutions in all topics must be scalable for both demonstrators!**
	7	+All solutions should be scalable for both demonstrators!
10	10
11		-~1. An end-user app and management system for on-demand train service
12		-// This topic may be split up into two theses (app & management)//
	9	+~1. An end-user app and management system for on-demand train service [Maybe split into two topics]
13	13
14		-* A mobile app to call a train to a desired location and communicate desired destination
15		-* Locations drawn from GNSS and appropriate abstraction for 1:32 scale for station-less entry or predefined locations
16		-* Management of multiple on-demand trains on a single track line
	11	+* App to call a train to a desired location and communicate desired destination
	12	+* Locations drawn from GNSS and appropriate abstraction in 1:32 scale
	13	+* Management of multiple trains on a single track line
17	17	* Schedules for cooperative passenger pick up
18		-* Provisions for passenger transfer on open track ("Begegnungsverkehr", see concept art [[here>>https://cloud.rz.uni-kiel.de/index.php/s/ZMZSoLTerJCJi7L]])
19		-* The inter train communication concept maybe based on a central or decentralized structure
	15	+* Provisions for passenger transfer on open track
	16	+* Either based on a central or decentralized communication concept
20	20
21		-2. An autonomous train controller with risk analysis using STPA **[already reserved]**
	18	+2. An autonomous train controller with risk analysis using STPA
22	22
23	23	* Control of an autonomous passenger train model (conceptually working for both demonstrators)
24		-* Capability for passenger transfer on open track (safe docking procedure; "Begegnungsverkehr", see concept art [[here>>https://cloud.rz.uni-kiel.de/index.php/s/ZMZSoLTerJCJi7L]])
25		-* Risk analysis for the controller using STPA ([[http:~~/~~/psas.scripts.mit.edu/home/get_file.php?name=STPA_handbook.pdf>>url:http://psas.scripts.mit.edu/home/get_file.php?name=STPA_handbook.pdf]])
26		-* Safe behavior model generation using PASTA ([[https:~~/~~/marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=kieler.pasta>>https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=kieler.pasta]])
	21	+* Capability for passenger transfer on open track (safe docking procedure)
	22	+* Risk analysis for the controller using STPA
	23	+* Safe behavior model generation using PASTA?
27	27	* Assumes preprocessed sensor input and destination determination (see other topics)
28	28
29		-3. AI-based obstacle detection for autonomous train control using image recognition
30		-// This topic will be jointly advised with the AG Distributed Systems//
	26	+3. AI-based image recognition for autonomous train control [In cooperation with AG Distributed Systems]
31	31
32		-* Sensor processing of a train-mounted camera to detect objects (potential obstacles)
33		-* Tasks will involve:
34		-** Sensor mounting on the demonstrator
35		-** Collection of data (images, videos)
36		-** Labeling of data to enable training (esp. for small scale model)
37		-** Training of AI
38		-** Evaluation of quality
39		-** Live testing
40		-* Step-wise evaluation of the influence of vehicle speed on the detection quality
41		-* Evaluate applicability and influence of training data due to different environments for the demonstrators (i.e. indoors vs. outdoors)
42		-* (Optional) Trajectory detection to categorize safety threads of moving obstacles
43		-* (Optional) Evaluate performance on different hardware, e.g. Rasberry Pi vs. AI hardware
44		-* (Optional) Test and evaluate on the edge deployment
45		-* For interfacing with the controller the sensor should provide an assessment how safe the area in front of the train is, such that the controller can adjust its speed.
46		-* Potential hardware (subject to changes):
47		-** [[https:~~/~~/www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html>>https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html]]
48		-** (((
49		-[[https:~~/~~/www.axis.com/de-de/products/axis-p1455-le>>https://www.axis.com/de-de/products/axis-p1455-le]]
50		-)))
	28	+* Sensor processing of a train mounted camera
	29	+* Obstacle detection at speeds up to 50 km/h
	30	+* [Optional] Distance measuring using multiple cameras
51	51
52		-4. Classic and AI-based distance sensing for autonomous train control using different sensors
53		-// This topic will be jointly advised with the AG Distributed Systems//
	32	+4. AI-based sensor processing for autonomous train control [In cooperation with AG Distributed Systems]
54	54
55		-* Explore and evaluate different sensors and processing techniques for distance measuring in rail vehicles
56		-* Compare quality, ranges, and reliability w.r.t speed and size (demonstrator)
57		-* Sensors and approaches:
58		-*1. Ultrasonic sensor
59		-*1. Single camera with AI image recognition
60		-*1. (Multiple cameras)
61		-*1. (LiDAR)
62		-*1. (Sensorfusion)
63		-* Potential hardware (subject to changes):
64		-** [[https:~~/~~/www.elektronik-kompendium.de/sites/praxis/bauteil_ultrasonic-hcsr04p.htm>>https://www.elektronik-kompendium.de/sites/praxis/bauteil_ultrasonic-hcsr04p.htm]]
65		-** [[https:~~/~~/www.pi-shop.ch/lidar-ld06-lidar-module-with-bracket-entwicklungskit-fuer-raspberry-pi-sbc>>https://www.pi-shop.ch/lidar-ld06-lidar-module-with-bracket-entwicklungskit-fuer-raspberry-pi-sbc]]
66		-** (((
67		-[[https:~~/~~/www.blickfeld.com/de/produkte/cube-1/>>https://www.blickfeld.com/de/produkte/cube-1/]]
68		-)))
	34	+* Sensor processing of train mounted LiDAR or ultrasonic sensor
	35	+* Obstacle detection at speeds up to 50 km/h
	36	+* Distance measuring (ultrasonic sensor)
69	69
70		-5. A digital twin for an autonomous on-demand train service **[already reserved]**
71		-// Note: Tight interfacing with other topics//
	38	+5. A digital twin for an autonomous on-demand train service [Tight interfacing with other topics]
72	72
73	73	* A digital twin for an autonomous passenger train
74	74	* Monitoring system for the state and location of the vehicle
75		-* Remote control capabilities //(interfacing with controller)//
76		-* Monitoring and economic analysis of on-demand service operation (//integration/interfacing of management system//)
77		-* Reliability analysis/statistics to ensure transparency of autonomous operation
	42	+* Remote control capabilities
	43	+* Monitoring and economic analysis of on-demand service operation [Integration of management system]
	44	+* Reliability analysis to ensure transparency of autonomous operation
78	78
79		-6. A standalone sensor box for monitoring rail vehicles
80		-//This prototype will be tested (only) using the full-scale demonstrator and is intended for monitoring non-autonomous vehicles (not the REAKTOR)//
81		-
82		-* Development of a sensor array to monitor rail vehicle operation
83		-* It should serve as a plugin solution inside the train's cockpit for monitoring operation and as preparation for autonomous control
84		-* Design for wireless communication of collected data
85		-* Possible sensors:
86		-** GPS
87		-** Accelerometer
88		-** Camera
89		-* Analysis of data for autonomous driving
90		-* Potential integration into digital twin infrastructure
91		-
92	92	== Goals ==
93	93
94	94	* TBA for each topic individually
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100	100	== Related Work/Literature ==
101	101
102	102	* https://reakt.sh/
103		-* [[https:~~/~~/www.schiene-m-l.de/>>https://www.schiene-m-l.de/)]]
104	104
105	105	== Involved Languages/Technologies ==
106	106