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1		-Theses.Current Theses.WebHome
	1	+Theses.Topics for Student Theses.WebHome

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1		-The REAKT project (https://reakt.sh/ & https://www.schiene-m-l.de/) aims at developing new mobility concepts to reactivate rural rail lines. This project will evolve around developing an autonomous on-demand rail vehicle to flexibly provide service on single track lines. The **REAKTOR**. A prototype will be build in 1:32 scale, as well as a full scale version for the railway track Malente-Lütjenburg.
	1	+The REAKT project (https://reakt.sh/ & https://www.schiene-m-l.de/) aims at developing new mobility concepts to reactivate rural rail lines. This project will evolve around developing an autonomous rail vehicle, the **REAKTOR**, to flexibly provide on-demand service on single track lines. A prototype will be build in 1:32 scale for 45 mm gauge, as well as a full scale version for the railway track Malente-Lütjenburg.
2	2
3	3	[[image:image-20240912102452-3.jpeg||height="219" width="292"]][[image:image-20240912102840-4.jpeg||height="217" width="264"]]
4	4
5		-//(left) a railbike, the foundation of the upcoming autonomous draisine & (right) a stripped down [[LGB>>https://www.lgb.de/lp/20/willkommen-bei-lgb]] engine in for a 45mm model track.//
	5	+//(left) a railbike, the foundation of the upcoming autonomous draisine & (right) a stripped down [[LGB>>https://www.lgb.de/lp/20/willkommen-bei-lgb]] engine for a 45mm model track.//
6	6
7	7	== Overview of topics (WIP) ==
8	8
9		-All solutions should be scalable for both demonstrators!
	9	+**The solutions in all topics must be scalable for both demonstrators!**
10	10
11		-~1. An end-user app and management system for on-demand train service [Maybe split into two topics]
	11	+~1. An end-user app and management system for on-demand train service
	12	+// This topic may be split up into two theses (app & management)//
12	12
13		-* App to call a train to a desired location and communicate desired destination
14		-* Locations drawn from GNSS and appropriate abstraction in 1:32 scale
15		-* Management of multiple trains on a single track line
	14	+* A mobile app to call a train to a desired location and communicate desired destination
	15	+* Locations drawn from GNSS and appropriate abstraction for 1:32 scale for station-less entry or predefined locations
	16	+* Management of multiple on-demand trains on a single track line
16	16	* Schedules for cooperative passenger pick up
17		-* Provisions for passenger transfer on open track
18		-* Either based on a central or decentralized communication concept
	18	+* Provisions for passenger transfer on open track ("Begegnungsverkehr", see concept art [[here>>https://cloud.rz.uni-kiel.de/index.php/s/ZMZSoLTerJCJi7L]])
	19	+* The inter train communication concept maybe based on a central or decentralized structure
19	19
20		-2. An autonomous train controller with risk analysis using STPA
	21	+2. An autonomous train controller with risk analysis using STPA **[already reserved]**
21	21
22	22	* Control of an autonomous passenger train model (conceptually working for both demonstrators)
23		-* Capability for passenger transfer on open track (safe docking procedure)
24		-* Risk analysis for the controller using STPA
25		-* Safe behavior model generation using PASTA?
	24	+* Capability for passenger transfer on open track (safe docking procedure; "Begegnungsverkehr", see concept art [[here>>https://cloud.rz.uni-kiel.de/index.php/s/ZMZSoLTerJCJi7L]])
	25	+* Risk analysis for the controller using STPA ([[http:~~/~~/psas.scripts.mit.edu/home/get_file.php?name=STPA_handbook.pdf>>url:http://psas.scripts.mit.edu/home/get_file.php?name=STPA_handbook.pdf]])
	26	+* Safe behavior model generation using PASTA ([[https:~~/~~/marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=kieler.pasta>>https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=kieler.pasta]])
26	26	* Assumes preprocessed sensor input and destination determination (see other topics)
27	27
28		-3. AI-based image recognition for autonomous train control [In cooperation with AG Distributed Systems]
	29	+3. AI-based obstacle detection for autonomous train control using image recognition
	30	+// This topic will be jointly advised with the AG Distributed Systems//
29	29
30		-* Sensor processing of a train mounted camera
31		-* Obstacle detection at speeds up to 50 km/h
32		-* [Optional] Distance measuring using multiple cameras
	32	+* Sensor processing of a train-mounted camera to detect objects (potential obstacles)
	33	+* Tasks will involve:
	34	+** Sensor mounting on the demonstrator
	35	+** Collection of data (images, videos)
	36	+** Labeling of data to enable training (esp. for small scale model)
	37	+** Training of AI
	38	+** Evaluation of quality
	39	+** Live testing
	40	+* Step-wise evaluation of the influence of vehicle speed on the detection quality
	41	+* Evaluate applicability and influence of training data due to different environments for the demonstrators (i.e. indoors vs. outdoors)
	42	+* (Optional) Trajectory detection to categorize safety threads of moving obstacles
	43	+* (Optional) Evaluate performance on different hardware, e.g. Rasberry Pi vs. AI hardware
	44	+* (Optional) Test and evaluate on the edge deployment
	45	+* For interfacing with the controller the sensor should provide an assessment how safe the area in front of the train is, such that the controller can adjust its speed.
	46	+* Potential hardware (subject to changes):
	47	+** [[https:~~/~~/www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html>>https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html]]
	48	+** (((
	49	+[[https:~~/~~/www.axis.com/de-de/products/axis-p1455-le>>https://www.axis.com/de-de/products/axis-p1455-le]]
	50	+)))
33	33
34		-4. AI-based sensor processing for autonomous train control [In cooperation with AG Distributed Systems]
	52	+4. Classic and AI-based distance sensing for autonomous train control using different sensors
	53	+// This topic will be jointly advised with the AG Distributed Systems//
35	35
36		-* Sensor processing of train mounted LiDAR or ultrasonic sensor
37		-* Obstacle detection at speeds up to 50 km/h
38		-* Distance measuring (ultrasonic sensor)
	55	+* Explore and evaluate different sensors and processing techniques for distance measuring in rail vehicles
	56	+* Compare quality, ranges, and reliability w.r.t speed and size (demonstrator)
	57	+* Sensors and approaches:
	58	+*1. Ultrasonic sensor
	59	+*1. Single camera with AI image recognition
	60	+*1. (Multiple cameras)
	61	+*1. (LiDAR)
	62	+*1. (Sensorfusion)
	63	+* Potential hardware (subject to changes):
	64	+** [[https:~~/~~/www.elektronik-kompendium.de/sites/praxis/bauteil_ultrasonic-hcsr04p.htm>>https://www.elektronik-kompendium.de/sites/praxis/bauteil_ultrasonic-hcsr04p.htm]]
	65	+** [[https:~~/~~/www.pi-shop.ch/lidar-ld06-lidar-module-with-bracket-entwicklungskit-fuer-raspberry-pi-sbc>>https://www.pi-shop.ch/lidar-ld06-lidar-module-with-bracket-entwicklungskit-fuer-raspberry-pi-sbc]]
	66	+** (((
	67	+[[https:~~/~~/www.blickfeld.com/de/produkte/cube-1/>>https://www.blickfeld.com/de/produkte/cube-1/]]
	68	+)))
39	39
40		-5. A digital twin for an autonomous on-demand train service [Tight interfacing with other topics]
	70	+5. A digital twin for an autonomous on-demand train service **[already reserved]**
	71	+// Note: Tight interfacing with other topics//
41	41
42	42	* A digital twin for an autonomous passenger train
43	43	* Monitoring system for the state and location of the vehicle
44		-* Remote control capabilities
45		-* Monitoring and economic analysis of on-demand service operation [Integration of management system]
46		-* Reliability analysis to ensure transparency of autonomous operation
	75	+* Remote control capabilities //(interfacing with controller)//
	76	+* Monitoring and economic analysis of on-demand service operation (//integration/interfacing of management system//)
	77	+* Reliability analysis/statistics to ensure transparency of autonomous operation
47	47
	79	+6. A standalone sensor box for monitoring rail vehicles
	80	+//This prototype will be tested (only) using the full-scale demonstrator and is intended for monitoring non-autonomous vehicles (not the REAKTOR)//
	81	+
	82	+* Development of a sensor array to monitor rail vehicle operation
	83	+* It should serve as a plugin solution inside the train's cockpit for monitoring operation and as preparation for autonomous control
	84	+* Design for wireless communication of collected data
	85	+* Possible sensors:
	86	+** GPS
	87	+** Accelerometer
	88	+** Camera
	89	+* Analysis of data for autonomous driving
	90	+* Potential integration into digital twin infrastructure
	91	+
48	48	== Goals ==
49	49
50	50	* TBA for each topic individually