# 2023/24 Railway Technology

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The purpose of this seminar is to independently and scientifically work on a topic of embedded real-time systems and related. In this case with a focus on the railway domain and safety-critical systems. The goal is to summarize the topic in an oral presentation and a written elaboration in form of a paper. Another purpose of this seminar is to practice working in structured and time-driven workflows (e.g. for conferences or workshops). Moreover, both of these aspects are a good preparation for working on your thesis. We have many theses regarding these topics available; contact us if you are interested in that.

This seminar is a bachelor and master module at the same time. Compared to the bachelor seminar, we expect that master students include more related work and therefore write a longer paper and hold a longer presentation (see below).

## Prerequisites

This is a seminar with a topic quite new for our working group, so there are no lectures required for this seminar.

We recommend the attendance of the lecture "Scientific Working" (Inf-WissArb: Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten) held by Prof. Peters.

Finally, there is the infamous "Vortragsvortrag" by Christoph Daniel Schulze. Sadly, he is not at RTSYS anymore to give that talk in person. However, he kindly started to prepare this sequence of videos that should get the gist across as well.

## Lecturers

Reinhard von Hanxleden (rvh@informatik.uni-kiel.de)
Niklas Rentz (nre@informatik.uni-kiel.de)
Alexander Schulz-Rosengarten (als@informatik.uni-kiel.de)

## Topics

You may choose from one of the following papers. The scope, complexity and required knowledge for these papers roughly divides them into topics for bachelor students and for master students. However, bachelor students that take great interest in a master students topic may also choose from those.

The papers are assigned via first-come-first-serve. Already taken papers are marked. Please send an email to Niklas (nre@informatik.uni-kiel.de) in order to reserve a paper.

Many of the links do only work in the university network. Through the usage of a VPN or a remote session to the terminal server, those are also accessible from home. If any problems occur feel free to contact us.

### Bachelor Recommendations

[assigned] Bloomfield, R. E., Bendele, M., Bishop, P. G., Stroud, R. and Tonks, S. (2016). The risk assessment of ERTMS-based railway systems from a cyber security perspective: Methodology and lessons learned. Paper presented at the First International Conference, RSSRail 2016, 28-30 Jun 2016, Paris, France

[assigned] Shafiullah, GM., A. Gyasi-Agyei, and P. Wolfs. “Survey of Wireless Communications Applications in the Railway Industry.” Murdoch University, 2007. Web.

[assigned] Velha, P., Nannipieri, T., Signorini, A., Morosi, M., Solazzi, M., Barone, F., ... & Di Pasquale, F. (2019). Monitoring large railways infrastructures using hybrid optical fibers sensor systems. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 21(12), 5177-5188.

Bougacha, R., Wakrime, A. A., Kallel, S., Ayed, R. B., & Dutilleul, S. C. (2019, May). A Model-based Approach for the Modeling and the Verification of Railway Signaling System. In ENASE (pp. 367-376).

P. Sun, S. Collart-dutilleul and P. Bon, "A model pattern of railway interlocking system by Petri nets," 2015 International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS), Budapest, Hungary, 2015, pp. 442-449, doi: 10.1109/MTITS.2015.7223292.

[assigned] D. Giglio and N. Sacco, "A Petri net model for analysis, optimisation, and control of railway networks and train schedules," 2016 IEEE 19th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2016, pp. 2442-2449, doi: 10.1109/ITSC.2016.7795949.
[assigned] A. Consilvio, A. Di Febbraro and N. Sacco, "A modular model to schedule predictive railway maintenance operations," 2015 International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS), Budapest, Hungary, 2015, pp. 426-433, doi: 10.1109/MTITS.2015.7223290.

[assigned] W. Carvajal-Carreño, A. P. Cucala García, A. Fernández-Cardador and L. Söder, "Efficient driving algorithms for non-disturbed and disturbed trains with the CBTC signalling system," 2015 International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS), Budapest, Hungary, 2015, pp. 418-425, doi: 10.1109/MTITS.2015.7223289.

[assigned] S. Wandelt, Z. Wang and X. Sun, "Worldwide Railway Skeleton Network: Extraction Methodology and Preliminary Analysis," in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 2206-2216, Aug. 2017, doi: 10.1109/TITS.2016.2632998.

[assigned] J. Cosic, C. Schlehuber and D. Morog, "Digital Forensic Investigation Process in Railway Environment," 2021 11th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS), Paris, France, 2021, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/NTMS49979.2021.9432658.

[assigned] M. Franke et al., "Towards holistic autonomous obstacle detection in railways by complementing of on-board vision with UAV-based object localization," 2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Kyoto, Japan, 2022, pp. 7012-7019, doi: 10.1109/IROS47612.2022.9981156.

[assigned] H. Song, S. Gao, Y. Li, L. Liu and H. Dong, "Train-Centric Communication Based Autonomous Train Control System," in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 721-731, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1109/TIV.2022.3192476.

Hertel, B.; Pagenkopf, J.; König, J. "Challenges in the (Re-)Connection of Peripheral Areas to the Rail Network from a Rolling Stock Perspective: The Case of Germany." Vehicles 2023, 5, pp. 1138-1148. https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles5030063

There are more bachelor recommendations that are not publicly available on the subpage for non-public papers, to view them please log in with your LDAP credentials.

### Master Recommendations

Ferlin, A., Qiu, S., Bon, P., Sallak, M., Dutilleul, S. C., Schön, W., & Cherfi-Boulanger, Z. (2018). An automated method for the study of human reliability in railway supervision systems. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 19(10), 3360-3375.

Peleska, Jan, Anne E. Haxthausen, and Thierry Lecomte. "Standardisation considerations for autonomous train control." Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation. Practice: 11th International Symposium, ISoLA 2022, Rhodes, Greece, October 22–30, 2022, Proceedings, Part IV. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022.

Basile, D., ter Beek, M.H., Legay, A. (2020). Strategy Synthesis for Autonomous Driving in a Moving Block Railway System with Uppaal Stratego. In: Gotsman, A., Sokolova, A. (eds) Formal Techniques for Distributed Objects, Components, and Systems. FORTE 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12136. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50086-3_1

G. Krummenacher, C. S. Ong, S. Koller, S. Kobayashi and J. M. Buhmann, "Wheel Defect Detection With Machine Learning," in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 1176-1187, April 2018, doi: 10.1109/TITS.2017.2720721.

Anne E. Haxthausen, Jan Peleska, and Sebastian Kinder. 2011. A formal approach for the construction and verification of railway control systems. Form. Asp. Comput. 23, 2 (Mar 2011), 191–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00165-009-0143-6

[assigned] Yue, Yixiang, et al. "Integrated train timetabling and rolling stock scheduling model based on time‐dependent demand for urban rail transit." Computer‐Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 32.10 (2017): 856-873.

[assigned] Markus Heinrich, Tsvetoslava Vateva-Gurova, Tolga Arul, Stefan Katzenbeisser, Neeraj Suri, Henk Birkholz, Andreas Fuchs, Christoph Krauß, Maria Zhdanova, Don Kuzhiyelil, Sergey Tverdyshev, Christian Schlehuber, "Security Requirements Engineering in Safety-Critical Railway Signalling Networks", Security and Communication Networks, vol. 2019, Article ID 8348925, 14 pages, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8348925

[assigned] L. Yang, K. Li and Z. Gao, "Train Timetable Problem on a Single-Line Railway With Fuzzy Passenger Demand," in IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 617-629, June 2009, doi: 10.1109/TFUZZ.2008.924198.

There are more master recommendations that are not publicly available on the subpage for non-public papers, to view them please log in with your LDAP credentials.

## Schedule

Note: The dates are not final yet, to be discussed during the kickoff meeting.

Date | Milestone
--- | ---
Tue. 24.10.23, 10:00 | First Meeting/Kick-Off. The meeting will take place in room 11.1114/11.1115 in CAP4.
Tue. 24.10.23, 23:59 | Deadline for topic selection (via email to Niklas)
Mon., 13.11.23, 23:59 | Deadline of the first draft in EasyChair. This includes abstract, introduction, outline, notes for chapter contents and an overview list of bibliography for related work.
In the week of above (Wed./Fri.), individual dates | Individual feedback dates.
Mon., 11.12.23 23:59 | Deadline of the first full version (submission update in EasyChair)
In the week of above (Wed./Fri.), individual dates | Individual feedback dates.
Fri., 22.12.23 23:59 | Deadline of the review version (submission update in EasyChair) and admission to program committee (invitation via email)
subsequently, Mo., 08.01.24 | Review assignment (via email from us)
Mo., 15.01.24 23:59 | Deadline reviews (in EasyChair)
subsequently (31.01.23/02.02.24) | Individual feedback dates on presentation slides. You may send the slides to the advisor beforehand (as PDF).
07.02.24 23:59 | Deadline final version (submission update in EasyChair)
10.02.24, all day | Final presentations

## The Final Presentations

The presentation of the prepared topic is held during a block seminar at TBA. The attendance at the seminar day is mandatory. Every attending person receives the proceedings of the current semester.

### Agenda

You may find the agenda as a PDF here.

## Milestones and Grading

## Papers, Talks, Review

This seminar includes creating a paper, a talk, and two reviews.

### Paper

The paper should provide an overview of the chosen topic. It should be written in a style that late bachelor student can understand it. The paper should be 6 (master) or 4 (bachelor) pages long (including bibliography), not more not less, and it should use the ACM LaTeX-style (more details below). We advise you to read the writing advice for writing a thesis. You can write your paper either in English or German.

### Talk

The talk should be 30 minutes (master) or 20 minutes (bachelor) long. This is followed by 5 minutes of questions. The slides should contain page numbers to allow the participants to ask specific questions after the talk. It would be great to include a short tool demo if your topic includes some concrete implementation.

You can freely choose your presentation tool. Therefore, for the individual dates on the presentation slides it would be best to to use your own computer. If the slides are provided as PDF beforehand, a different computer could be used.

Especially when using online tools, note that the block seminar might take place in Falckenstein and that there is no Wifi access. Therefore, the presentations must allow to be held offline.

The talk can be held in English or German.

### Review

A review consist of two parts:

1. General comments (what do you like/ not like regarding content, structure, and readability) as well as general suggestions to improve the paper
2. In detail remarks and corrections

The first part of the review should be at least half an A4 page long. It should be written in full text and not only consist of notes. The review content should be similar to the review you get during the individual dates, however, it should be more in detail and with a clear focus on content, structure, and readability of the paper.

It is not possible to add files in the EasyChair review form. Therefore, it is not possible to add an annotated pdf as detailed correction.

Some example reviews from a previous semester to understand the form (not necessarily with the best grades) can be found in here: 1 2 3 4 5.

The reviews are assigned after the review-version deadline and are based on the submitted version of the papers.

## Grades

This seminar is graded. The grade is based on each milestone (the different versions of the paper, the reviews, the slides, the talk). For each milestone quality, timing (see dates) are graded. Missed deadline may cause you to fail the seminar.

## Technical Details

### LaTeX

Your papers should be created with LaTeX and have to be in the provided ACM style. You can find all necessary files in this zip archive, including an example document that includes helpful LaTeX-hints to start with. Copy all files in some folder and begin to write your paper. The style is an adjusted version of the official ACM style. Please use the style provided here and not the official one.

LaTeX can create a bibliography (it includes scientific publications, which are referenced to prove statements) too. The example includes a file named myrefs.bib, which holds the references. ACM provides a short overview with examples of bibliography entries.

While writing your paper keep the following in mind:

- Think about whether you want to write your paper in German or English and make use to use the corresponding ACM-style.

- If you use graphics from your original paper, you should not just add a screenshot of the pdf your paper. Try to use the image from the original paper by exporting them, including the pdf directly (\inlcudegraphics[page=... trim=...]{*.pdf}), or by recreating the image by yourself (ideally as a vector graphic). This way you should get a result that is not pixelated or at least not worse than the original.
- A paper always consists of an introduction, at least one main chapter, and a conclusion.

### EasyChair Tutorial

You can find our seminar in EasyChair: Link

EasyChair Tutorial for Students

### Resources

In general, it is advised to look for related work in the university network since you will get access to many online libraries. We the following search engines and web pages:

- Google Scholar: http://scholar.google.de/
- dblp: http://dblp.uni-trier.de/
- CiteSeer: http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/
- IEEE-Xplore: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/dynhome.jsp
- ACM Digital Library: http://portal.acm.org/dl.cfm
- Universitätsbibliothek Digitale Medien: http://www.uni-kiel.de/ub/emedien/index.html

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Created by Niklas Rentz on 2023/06/14 13:43

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