# 2023 Embedded Real-Time Systems

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The purpose of this seminar is to independently and scientifically work on a topic of embedded real-time systems and related. The goal is to summarize the topic in an oral presentation and a written elaboration in form of a paper. Another purpose of this seminar is to practice working in structured and time-driven workflows (e.g. for conferences or workshops). Moreover, both of these aspects are a good preparation for working on your thesis. We have many theses regarding these topics available; contact us if you are interested in that.

This seminar is a bachelor and master module at the same time. Compared to the bachelor seminar, we expect that master students include more related work and therefore write a longer paper and hold a longer presentation (see below).

## Prerequisites

For the participation of this seminar the attendance of the "Embedded Real-Time Systems" lecture is not specifically required. However, specific lecture topics required for the paper should be reworked.

We recommend the attendance of the lecture "Scientific Working" (Inf-WissArb: Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten) held by Prof. Peters.

Finally, there is the infamous "Vortragsvortrag" by Christoph Daniel Schulze. Sadly, he is not at RTSYS anymore to give that talk in person. However, he kindly started to prepare this sequence of videos that should get the gist across as well.

## Lecturers

Reinhard von Hanxleden (rvh@informatik.uni-kiel.de)
Niklas Rentz (nre@informatik.uni-kiel.de)
Jette Petzold (jep@informatik.uni-kiel.de)

## Topics

You may choose from one of the following papers. The scope, complexity and required knowledge for these papers roughly divides them into topics for bachelor students and for master students. However, bachelor students that take great interest in a master students topic may also choose from those.

The papers are assigned via first-come-first-serve. Already taken papers are marked. Please send an email to Niklas (nre@informatik.uni-kiel.de) in order to reserve a paper.

Many of the links do only work in the university network. Through the usage of a VPN or a remote session to the terminal server, those are also accessible from home. If any problems occur feel free to contact us.

### Bachelor Recommendations

#### Real-Time / Embedded

Juha-Pekka Tolvanen and Steven Kelly. 2018. Effort Used to Create Domain-Specific Modeling Languages. In Proceedings of the 21th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS '18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 235-244.

[assigned] Björn Forsberg, Maxim Mattheeuws, Andreas Kurth, Andrea Marongiu, and Luca Benini. A Synergistic Approach to Predictable Compilation and Scheduling on Commodity Multi-Cores In The 21st ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2020

[assigned] Jun Xiao and Andy D. Pimentel. CITTA: Cache Interference-aware Task Partitioning for Real-time Multi-core Systems. In The 21st ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2020

Mladen Skelin and Marc Geilen. Compositionality in scenario-aware dataflow: a rendezvous perspective. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED International Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES 2018). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2018

[assigned] Yecheng Zhao and Haibo Zeng. Optimization techniques for time-critical cyber-physical systems. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Design Automation for CPS and IoT (DESTION '19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2019

[assigned] Saranya Natarajan and David Broman, Temporal Property-Based Testing of a Timed C Compiler using Time-Flow Graph Semantics, 2020 Forum for Specification and Design Languages (FDL), 2020

[assigned] Francisco Sant'Anna, Rodrigo Santos, and Noemi Rodriguez. 2021. Symmetric distributed applications. Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Reactive and Event-Based Languages and Systems. Association for Computing Machinery.

N. A. Carreón, A. Gilbreath and R. Lysecky, Statistical Time-based Intrusion Detection in Embedded Systems, 2020 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), Grenoble, France, 2020, pp. 562-567, doi: 10.23919/DATE48585.2020.9116369.

#### Safety Analysis/Model Checking

[assigned] H. Reza, M. Pimple, V. Krishna and J. Hildle, A Safety Analysis Method Using Fault Tree Analysis and Petri Nets. 2009 Sixth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations, 2009, pp. 1089-1094, doi: 10.1109/ITNG.2009.183.

J. Axelsson and A. Kobetski, Towards a risk analysis method for systems-of-systems based on systems thinking. 2018 Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon), 2018, pp. 1-8, doi: 10.1109/SYSCON.2018.8369501.

F. G. R. de Souza, J. de Melo Bezerra, C. M. Hirata, P. de Saqui-Sannes and L. Apvrille, Combining STPA with SysML Modeling. 2020 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon), 2020, pp. 1-8, doi: 10.1109/SysCon47679.2020.9275867.

[assigned] D. L. Gurgel, C. M. Hirata and J. De M. Bezerra, A rule-based approach for safety analysis using STAMP/STPA. 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), 2015, pp. 7B2-1-7B2-8, doi: 10.1109/DASC.2015.7311464.

J. Kloos, T. Hussain, and R. Eschbach. Risk-based testing of safety-critical embedded systems driven by fault tree analysis. In 2011 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops, pp. 26-33. IEEE, 2011.

L. A. Cortes, P. Eles and Z. Peng, Formal coverification of embedded systems using model checking. Proceedings of the 26th Euromicro Conference. EUROMICRO 2000. Informatics: Inventing the Future. Vol. 1. IEEE, 2000.

[assigned] L. Apvrille and L. W. Li. Harmonizing safety, security and performance requirements in embedded systems.. In 2019 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), pp. 1631-1636. IEEE, 2019.

### Master Recommendations

#### Real-Time / Embedded

Jordan A. Ross, Alexandr Murashkin, Jia Hui Liang, Michał Antkiewicz, Krzysztof Czarnecki, Synthesis and exploration of multi-level, multi-perspective architectures of automotive embedded systems, Software & Systems Modeling 2019

Reza Ahmadi, Ernesto Posse, and Juergen Dingel. 2018. Slicing UML-based Models of Real-time Embedded Systems. In Proceedings of the 21th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS '18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 346-356.

Bader Alahmad and Sathish Gopalakrishnan. 2018. On Budgeting and Quality, with an Application to Safety-Critical Real-time Systems. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems (RTNS '18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 19-29.

Andreas Sailer, Michael Deubzer, Gerald Lüttgen, and Jürgen Mottok. 2017. Comparing trace recordings of automotive real-time software. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems (RTNS '17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 118-127.

Tobias Sehnke, Dieter Schwarzmann, Matthias Schultalbers, and Rolf Ernst. 2017. Temporal properties in automotive control software. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems (RTNS '17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 98-107.

Tobias Klaus, Florian Franzmann, Matthias Becker, and Peter Ulbrich. 2018. Data Propagation Delay Constraints in Multi-Rate Systems: Deadlines vs. Job-Level Dependencies. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems (RTNS '18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 93-103.

[assigned] Evgeny Kusmenko, Bernhard Rumpe, Sascha Schneiders, and Michael von Wenckstern. 2018. Highly-Optimizing and Multi-Target Compiler for Embedded System Models: C++ Compiler Toolchain for the Component and Connector Language EmbeddedMontiArc. In Proceedings of the 21th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS '18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 447-457.

Guillaume Brau, Nicolas Navet, and Jérôme Hugues. 2017. Heterogeneous models and analyses in the design of real-time embedded systems - an avionic case-study. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems (RTNS '17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 168-177.

Amrani, M., Blouin, D., Heinrich, R. et al. Multi-paradigm modelling for cyber–physical systems: a descriptive framework. Softw Syst Model 20, 611–639 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-021-00876-z

#### Safety Analysis / Testing

Carlos A. González, Mojtaba Varmazyar, Shiva Nejati, Lionel C. Briand, and Yago Isasi. 2018. Enabling Model Testing of Cyber-Physical Systems. In Proceedings of the 21th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS '18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 176-186.

A. Gannous, A. Andrews and B. Gallina, Toward a Systematic and Safety Evidence Productive Verification Approach for Safety-Critical Systems. 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops (ISSREW), 2018, pp. 329-336, doi: 10.1109/ISSREW.2018.00026.

## Schedule

Note: The dates are not final yet, to be discussed during the kickoff meeting.

Date | Milestone
--- | ---
Thu., 13.04.2023 09:50 | First Meeting/Kick-Off with a Latex and EasyChair introduction. The meeting will take place in room 11.1114/11.1115 in CAP4.
Thu., 13.04.2023 23:59 | Deadline for topic selection (via email to Niklas)
Thu., 27.04.2023 23:59 | Deadline of the first draft in EasyChair. This includes abstract, introduction, outline, notes for chapter contents and an overview list of bibliography for related work.
In the week after above (02.05.-05.05.), individual dates | Individual feedback dates.
Thu., 18.05.2023 23:59 | Deadline of the first full version (submission update in EasyChair)
In the week after above (22.05.-26.05.), individual dates | Individual feedback dates.
Thu., 25.05.2023 23:59 | Deadline of the review version (submission update in EasyChair) and admission to program committee (invitation via email)
subsequently | Review assignment (via email)
Thu., 01.06.2023 23:59 | Deadline reviews (in EasyChair)
subsequently (12.06.-16.06.) | Individual feedback dates on presentation slides. The slides need to be available online or sent to the advisor beforehand (as PDF).
Thu., 22.06.2023 23:59 | Deadline final version (submission update in EasyChair)
Sat., 24.06.2023, all day | Final presentations

## The Final Presentations

The presentation of the prepared topic is held during a block seminar at CAP4 R. 1304a. The attendance at the seminar day is mandatory. Every attending person receives the proceedings of the current semester.

### Agenda

Hier die Agenda als PDF

## Milestones and Grading

## Papers, Talks, Review

This seminar includes creating a paper, a talk, and two reviews.

### Paper

The paper should provide an overview of the chosen topic. It should be written in a style that late bachelor student can understand it. The paper should be 6 (master) or 4 (bachelor) pages long (including bibliography), not more not less, and it should use the ACM LaTeX-style (more details below). We advise you to read the writing advice for writing a thesis. You can write your paper either in English or German.

### Talk

The talk should be 40 minutes (master) or 25 minutes (bachelor) long. This is followed by 5 minutes of questions. The slides should contain page numbers to allow the participants to ask specific questions after the talk. It would be great to include a short tool demo if your topic includes some concrete implementation.

You can freely choose your presentation tool. Therefore, for the individual dates on the presentation slides it would be best to to use your own computer. If the slides are provided as PDF beforehand, a different computer could be used.

Especially when using online tools, note that the block seminar might take place in Falckenstein and that there is no WLAN access. Therefore, the presentations must allow to be held offline.

The talk can be held in English or German.

### Review

A review consist of two parts:

1. General comments (what do you like/ not like regarding content, structure, and readability) as well as general suggestions to improve the paper
2. In detail remarks and corrections

The first part of the review should be at least half an A4 page long. It should be written in full text and not only consist of notes. The review content should be similar to the review you get during the individual dates, however, it should be more in detail and with a clear focus on content, structure, and readability of the paper.

It is not possible to add files in the EasyChair review form. Therefore, it is not possible to add an annotated pdf as detailed correction.

Some example reviews from a previous semester to understand the form (not necessarily with the best grades) can be found in here: 1 2 3 4 5.

The reviews are assigned after the review-version deadline and are based on the submitted version of the papers.

## Grades

This seminar is graded. The grade is based on each milestone (the different versions of the paper, the reviews, the slides, the talk). For each milestone quality, timing (see dates) are graded. Missed deadline may cause you to fail the seminar.

## Technical Details

### LaTeX

Your papers should be created with LaTeX and have to be in the provided ACM style. You can find all necessary files in this zip archive, including an example document that includes helpful LaTeX-hints to start with. Copy all files in some folder and begin to write your paper. The style is an adjusted version of the official ACM style. Please use the style provided here and not the official one.

LaTeX can create a bibliography (it includes scientific publications, which are referenced to prove statements) too. The example includes a file named myrefs.bib, which holds the references. ACM provides a short overview with examples of bibliography entries.

While writing your paper keep the following in mind:

- Think about whether you want to write your paper in German or English and make use to use the corresponding ACM-style.

- If you use graphics from your original paper, you should not just add a screenshot of the pdf your paper. Try to use the image from the original paper by exporting them, including the pdf directly (\inlcudegraphics[page=... trim=...]{*.pdf}), or by recreating the image by yourself (ideally as a vector graphic). This way you should get a result that is not pixelated or at least not worse than the original.
- A paper always consists of an introduction, at least one main chapter, and a conclusion.

### EasyChair Tutorial

You can find our seminar in EasyChair: Link

### Resources

In general, it is advised to look for related work in the university network since you will get access to many online libraries. We the following search engines and web pages:

- Google Scholar: http://scholar.google.de/
- dblp: http://dblp.uni-trier.de/
- CiteSeer: http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/
- IEEE-Xplore: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/dynhome.jsp
- ACM Digital Library: http://portal.acm.org/dl.cfm
- Universitätsbibliothek Digitale Medien: http://www.uni-kiel.de/ub/emedien/index.html

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Created by Niklas Rentz on 2023/01/25 17:12

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